Thursday 23 January 2014

leaflet folds and billboard sizes

i looked up different leaflet folds and then i made mock up of my own. 


solar energy

i have decided to create my final leaflet all on solar energy, informing people of what it is, how it works, and how they can be apart of. it. here the infomation i am going to put into my leaflet.

Photovoltaic (solar cell) Systemswhat are they? Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells are often used to power calculators and watches. how do they work? When sunlight is absorbed by these materials, the solar energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect.These flat-plate PV arrays can be mounted at a fixed angle facing south, or they can be mounted on a tracking device that follows the sun, allowing them to capture the most sunlight over the course of a day.Several connected PV arrays can provide enough power for a household; for large electric utility or industrial applications, hundreds of arrays can be interconnected to form a single, large PV system.Thin film solar cells use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick. Thin film technology has made it possible for solar cells to now double as rooftop shingles, roof tiles, building facades, or the glazing for skylights. 


Solar Hot WaterWhat is it?The shallow water of a lake is usually warmer than the deep water. That's because the sunlight can heat the lake bottom in the shallow areas, which in turn, heats the water.The sun can be used in basically the same way to heat water used in buildings and swimming pools.How does it work? Most solar water heating systems for buildings have two main parts: a solar collector and a storage tank. The most common collector is called a flat-plate collector. Mounted on the roof, it consists of a thin, flat, rectangular box with a transparent cover that faces the sun. Small tubes run through the box and carry the fluid – either water or other fluid, such as an antifreeze solution – to be heated. The tubes are attached to an absorber plate, which is painted black to absorb the heat. As heat builds up in the collector, it heats the fluid passing through the tubes.The storage tank then holds the hot liquid.Solar water heating systems can be either active or passive, Active systems rely on pumps to move the liquid between the collector and the storage tank, while passive systems rely on gravity and the tendency for water to naturally circulate as it is heated.

Solar Electricitywhat is it?  a new generation of power plants, with concentrating solar power systems, uses the sun as a heat source. There are three main types of concentrating solar power systems: parabolic-troughdish/engine, and power tower.
how does it work? 
Parabolic-trough systems concentrate the sun's energy through long rectangular, curved (U-shaped) mirrors. The mirrors are tilted toward the sun,focusing sunlight on a pipe that runs down the center of the trough. This heats the oil flowing through the pipe. The hot oil then is used to boil water in a conventional steam generator to produce electricity.A dish/engine system uses a mirrored dish (similar to a very large satellite dish). The dish-shaped surface collects and concentrates the sun's heat onto a receiver, which absorbs the heat and transfers it to fluid within the engine. The heat causes the fluid to expand against a piston or turbine to produce mechanical power. The mechanical power is then used to run a generator or alternator to produce electricity.A power tower system uses a large field of mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto the top of a tower, where a receiver sits. This heats molten salt flowing through the receiver. Then, the salt's heat is used to generate electricity through a conventional steam generator. Molten salt retains heat efficiently, so it can be stored for days before being converted into electricity. That means electricity can be produced on cloudy days or even several hours after sunset.


Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting
Step outside on a hot and sunny summer day, and you'll feel the power of solar heat and light. Today, many buildings are designed to take advantage of this natural resource through the use of passive solar heating and daylighting.
The south side of a building always receives the most sunlight. Therefore, buildings designed for passive solar heating usually have large, south-facing windows. Materials that absorb and store the sun's heat can be built into the sunlit floors and walls. The floors and walls will then heat up during the day and slowly release heat at night, when the heat is needed most. This passive solar design feature is called direct gain.

Solar Process Space Heating and Cooling
Many large buildings need ventilated air to maintain indoor air quality. In cold climates, heating this air can use large amounts of energy. A solar ventilation system can preheat the air, saving both energy and money. This type of system typically uses a transpired collector , which consists of a thin, black metal panel mounted on a south-facing wall to absorb the sun's heat. Air passes through the many small holes in the panel. A space behind the perforated wall allows the air streams from the holes to mix together. The heated air is then sucked out from the top of the space into the ventilation system.




Tuesday 21 January 2014

Emails

I couldnt find many interesting leaflets for the topics i chosen, so i thought i would try emailing different companies to see if they would have any on file that they would send me
This is what i sent to them:

I am a graphic design student from central beds college and for my current brief I am working with an eco farm and just working on some advertisement.
I am looking at making a leaflet for renewable energy for the adults that visit the eco farm to look at. I find this topic interesting as I studied it at school and would like to help the environment.
I was just wondering if it would be possible If you could send me any of your leaflets or anything to help me along with this project, as your company has jumped out at me the most.
Many thanks,
Mia Lewis

i sent it to 5 different companies:
Ecotricity
Action for renewables
Renewable UK
Good energy
Green Peace

I got a reply from Good Energy and they are sending me some leaflets, which i will show later in this project, they also gave me a link to the design agency that they use, which is really interesting to look at and see how they have developed their designs further. http://www.studiomakgill.com/work/good_energy
Leaflets 

 this is one side to the first leaflet, i like how they haev the photo bleeding across two pages. on the front page they only have the type very small, so it is not covering the photo. on the back they have a send off form as well.
this is the other side to the first leaflet. it holds a lot of infomation in, but it is all spaced out very neatly, and the headings are large enough, and makes you want to read it because it looks like theres not a lot there. 
this is the second leaflet. its front and back cover are both yellow with very little text on it, although the front cover has a cut out of water/waves. when you open it up, it folds out and has the wave picture running across two pages. then it has an infomation booklet inside this. there is a big picture on each double spread page, with only a little bit of infoation. This makes it easy to read, and makes you want to read it.
i like how they have the cut out of their logo on the front in big, and also having a background behind the cut out draws your eye to it more, and at first you wonder what it is, which makes you want to open it up . also it is all in yellow, none of it is green, which shows how the colour green isnt the only 'eco'.
i dont think i could change anything about this becuase it is such a good leaflet, the only thing is it might be too big for someone to keep in their pocket, and if they saw it agasint other leaflets, it might not be one to stand out the most. 

Thursday 16 January 2014

renewable energy campaignes

Greenpeace
http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog/climate/victory-facebook-becomes-friends-renewable-energy-20111215
Facebook is committed to supporting the development of clean and renewable sources of energy, and our goal is to
power all of our operations with clean and renewable energy. Building on our leadership in energy efficiency (through
the Open Compute Project), we are working in partnership with Greenpeace and others to create a world that is highly
efficient and powered by clean and renewable energy. This effort will include a range of activities:

By Facebook
• Adopting a siting policy that states a preference for access to clean and renewable energy supply
• Ongoing research into energy efficiency and the open sharing of that technology through the Open Compute
Project
• Ongoing research into clean energy solutions for our future data centers
• Engaging in a dialogue with our utility providers about increasing the supply of clean energy that power Facebook
data centers

By Greenpeace
• Active support for the Open Compute Project, including encouraging companies to join the effort, use the
technology, and share their efficiency technology
• Encouraging utility providers to offer ways for customers to get their utility data, including by joining the partnership
with Opower, Facebook, and NRDC
• Recognize company leadership in advancing best practices in efficiency or sustainability technology through the
open source sharing of design and technology advances.

Together
• Working together to develop and promote experiences on Facebook that help people and organizations connect
with ways to save energy and engage their communities in clean energy issues.
• Co-hosting roundtables and discussions with experts on energy issues.
• Jointly engaging other large energy users and producers to address the energy choice they are facing and develop

new clean energy rather than recommission coal plants or build new coal plants.
these two campaignes are very effective. the first is showing a global campaign and you can see where things are going on in the world. the second one is a take on a famous art piece. i think it really catches your eye. it is different from the typical 'green' 'eco' style you might think it would be. the fisrt one i like but i think i would make it a little brighter, maybe make the map stand out more to catch your eye. the second one i think is really good at already catched your eye, although i think i might change the type as it looks quite stretched.


Friends of the earth
http://foe.co.uk/what_we_do/clean_british_energy_about_35591.html

Our Clean British energy campaign is urging the Government to tackle climate change by cleaning up our electricity by 2030.Getting off fossil fuels will cut the carbon out of our power system and create thousands of jobs, and give the UK the chance to become a world leader in renewable energy technologies.
this campaign is very green and it gets the 'eco' message across, it has clearly been thought about, a product and a box link together. i think i would change the colours a little, who says it has to be green to be eco

i think this is simular to the greenpeace campaign with the map, but this one is just the UK and it is a live map i think. but the colours all give an 'eco' feel and all have a meaning. i think i would see if i could change this to make it different to other maps.

Tuesday 14 January 2014

Wind, Solar, Ocean's, Hydro, Geothermal & Biomass

Wind
We have been harnessing the wind's energy for hundreds of years. From old Holland to farms in the United States, windmills have been used for pumping water or grinding grain. Today, the windmill's modern equivalent - a wind turbine - can use the wind's energy to generate electricity.
Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a rotor.
A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force of the lift is actually much stronger than the wind's force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity.
Wind turbines can be used as stand-alone applications, or they can be connected to a utility power grid or even combined with a photovoltaic (solar cell) system. For utility-scale sources of wind energy, a large number of wind turbines are usually built close together to form awind plant. Several electricity providers today use wind plants to supply power to their customers.
Stand-alone wind turbines are typically used for water pumping or communications. However, homeowners, farmers, and ranchers in windy areas can also use wind turbines as a way to cut their electric bills.
Small wind systems also have potential as distributed energy resources. Distributed energy resources refer to a variety of small, modular power-generating technologies that can be combined to improve the operation of the electricity delivery system.
Solar
Solar energy technologies use the sun's energy and light to provide heat, light, hot water, electricity, and even cooling, for homes, businesses, and industry.
There are a variety of technologies that have been developed to take advantage of solar energy.
Solar energy technologies:
  • Photovoltaic Systems 
    Producing electricity directly from sunlight.
  • Solar Hot Water 
    Heating water with solar energy.
  • Solar Electricity 
    Using the sun's heat to produce electricity.
  • Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting 
    Using solar energy to heat and light buildings.
  • Solar Process Space Heating and Cooling 
    Industrial and commercial uses of the sun's heat.
Ocean's
The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat, and mechanical energy from the tides and waves.
Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them the world's largest solar collectors. The sun's heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world.
Ocean thermal energy is used for many applications, including electricity generation. There are three types of electricity conversion systems: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid. Closed-cycle systems use the ocean's warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid, which has a low-boiling point, such as ammonia. The vapor expands and turns a turbine. The turbine then activates a generator to produce electricity. Open-cycle systems actually boil the seawater by operating at low pressures. This produces steam that passes through a turbine/generator. And hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle and open-cycle systems.
Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent sources of energy, while ocean thermal energy is fairly constant. Also, unlike thermal energy, the electricity conversion of both tidal and wave energy usually involves mechanical devices.
barrage (dam) is typically used to convert tidal energy into electricity by forcing the water through turbines, activating a generator. For wave energy conversion, there are three basic systems: channel systems that funnel the waves into reservoirs; float systems that drive hydraulic pumps; andoscillating water column systems that use the waves to compress air within a container. The mechanical power created from these systems either directly activates a generator or transfers to a working fluid, water, or air, which then drives a turbine/generator.
Hydro
Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydroelectric power or hydropower.
The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. But hydroelectric power doesn't necessarily require a large dam. Some hydroelectric power plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine.
Another type of hydroelectric power plant - called a pumped storage plant - can even store power. The power is sent from a power grid into the electric generators. The generators then spin the turbines backward, which causes the turbines to pump water from a river or lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, where the power is stored. To use the power, the water is released from the upper reservoir back down into the river or lower reservoir. This spins the turbines forward, activating the generators to produce electricity.
A small or micro-hydroelectric power system can produce enough electricity for a home, farm, or ranch.
Geothermal
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
Almost everywhere, the shallow ground or upper 10 feet of the Earth's surface maintains a nearly constant temperature between 50° and 60°F (10° and 16°C). Geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings. A geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building. In the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchanger and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system. In the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchanger. The heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of hot water.
In the United States, most geothermal reservoirs of hot water are located in the western states, Alaska, and Hawaii. Wells can be drilled into underground reservoirs for the generation of electricity. Some geothermal power plants use the steam from a reservoir to power a turbine/generator, while others use the hot water to boil a working fluid that vaporizes and then turns a turbine. Hot water near the surface of Earth can be used directly for heat. Direct-use applications include heating buildings, growing plants in greenhouses, drying crops, heating water at fish farms, and several industrial processes such as pasteurizing milk.
Hot dry rock resources occur at depths of 3 to 5 miles everywhere beneath the Earth's surface and at lesser depths in certain areas. Access to these resources involves injecting cold water down one well, circulating it through hot fractured rock, and drawing off the heated water from another well. Currently, there are no commercial applications of this technology. Existing technology also does not yet allow recovery of heat directly from magma, the very deep and most powerful resource of geothermal energy.
Biomass
We have used biomass energy or bioenergy - the energy from organic matter - for thousands of years, ever since people started burning wood to cook food or to keep warm.
And today, wood is still our largest biomass energy resource. But many other sources of biomass can now be used, including plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source.
The use of biomass energy has the potential to greatly reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass generates about the same amount of carbon dioxide as fossil fuels, but every time a new plant grows, carbon dioxide is actually removed from the atmosphere. The net emission of carbon dioxide will be zero as long as plants continue to be replenished for biomass energy purposes. These energy crops, such as fast-growing trees and grasses, are called biomass feedstocks. The use of biomass feedstocks can also help increase profits for the agricultural industry.
Biomass energy technology applications:
  • Biofuels 
    Converting biomass into liquid fuels for transportation.
  • Biopower 
    Burning biomass directly, or converting it into a gaseous fuel or oil, to generate electricity.
  • Bioproducts 
    Converting biomass into chemicals for making products that typically are made from petroleum.

energy - renewable technology (wind, solar, hyrdro)

Renewable energy, often referred to as green energy, will be the most important kind of energy in the near future. The current society hardly relies on fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal, most of them coming from political instable regions like the Middle East. With supplies rapidly dwindling, an energy crisis will never stay too far away.
All fossil fuels contain a high percentage of carbon an hydrocarbons, which are normally in the earth’s crust. When burning these materials, most of those carbon chains will go into the atmosphere under the form of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxiode (CO2). This greenhouse gases cause an increase of the average temperature of the earth’s near-surface air and oceans
We can reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses, produced by our energy production, by switching to renewable energy. The required energy can be obtained from a wide variety of sources. The most important are:


Eco farm - environmental issues


The aim and purpose of this brief is to develop skills, technique and understanding when working with a live client. we are to produce a billboard hording and a broucher for the Eco farm, they must be about a chosen issue that effects the environment, but also reaching the Target audience of the Eco farm.

We had to choose an environmental issues to focus on:
-conservation (endangered species)
- energy (renewable energy - wind, solar, hydro)
- pollution
- nuclear energy
- waste (recycling, landfill etc)
I am deciding to choose energy. This is because i did a course at school which taught me a lot about this already. Also i find it very interesting how we can get energy from different ways, and i have some good ideas for it.